International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

Published By EverScience Publications

ISSN : 2395-0455

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

Published By EverScience Publications

ISSN : 2395-0455

Adaptive Power Transmission and Efficient Energy Scheme of DSR Protocol (APEE-DSR)

Author NameAuthor Details

Kadry Sayed Mohamed, Sayed Abd El Hady Nouh, Abdelhady M. Naguib

Kadry Sayed Mohamed[1]

Sayed Abd El Hady Nouh[2]

Abdelhady M. Naguib[3]

[1]Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

[2]Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

[3]Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a group of two or more nodes, which are connected in dispersed manner for enabling wireless communications. All nodes being moveable and are dynamically connected in a random way. MANETs can be used in many applications such as: military battles, WSN, in areas where it is difficult to build wired network. Due to dynamic topology of MANET, restricted battery power, and limited capacity of wireless channels, it becomes design of routing mechanism is one of the main challenges in MANET. In general, MANETs’ routing protocols can be classified into two classes: proactive routing (e.g. DSDV) and reactive routing (e.g. AODV and DSR). Many studies showed that reactive routing protocols are outperform proactive protocols. Therefore, the presented article concerned with performance enhancement of DSR which is one of the most famous reactive routing protocols. The standard DSR is multi hop in its nature, where route selection between any two communicating nodes is only based on minimum hop count as a metric, regardless another metrics such as energy of nodes, traffic load on nodes and power transmission of packets which may have negative effects on performance of the standard DSR. This paper presents new version of standard DSR, called (APEE-DSR), through modification of both route discovery phase and route maintenance phase, in such a way that minimize energy consumption of nodes and realization of balanced traffic load of nodes, in addition to adaptation of transmission power of exchanged data packets among communicating nodes, resulting in prolong life time of nodes, thence increase life time of the routes and relative stability of network. In the proposed scheme route selection is based on two combined metrics: nodes’ energy and nodes’ traffic load. Moreover, transmission power of packets among nodes through the selected route will be adaptive. Performance evaluation and comparison between proposed scheme (APEE-DSR) and original DSR has been implemented utilizing network imitator (NS2). Results of simulation proved that performance of the proposed protocol outperform original DSR in terms of: packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, normalized overhead and energy consumption of nodes.

Index Terms

MANET

DSR

APEE-DSR

RREQ

RREP

NEF

REF

ATP

Reference

  1. 1.
    Amandeep Kaur, Jasmeet Kaur and Nishu Kansal, “D-EPAR: Distance –Efficient Power Aware Routing Protocol for MANETs”, 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), 2016.
  2. 2.
    Sanjeev K.S. and Sanjay S.,“ Performance evaluation of routing in MANETs based on QoS parameters”, International Journal of Modern Computer Science and Applications (IJMCSA), Volume No.-4, Issue No.-1, pp. 49-54, January 2016.
  3. 3.
    R. G. Sandhya, N. P. Santosh, “Mitigation of energy depletion in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks through path optimization,” International Journal of Computer and Network Applications, Jan-Feb 2015, vol. 2, issue 1, pp. 1-11.
  4. 4.
    Shaheen Khan, Javed Khan Bhutto and Gautam Pandit,”Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation for Quantitative Analysis in MANET”, International Journal of Scientific Research and Education, Vol. 2, Issue12, pp: 2540-2551, December 2014.
  5. 5.
    Chandni, Sharad Chauhan and Kamal Kumar Sharma,”Routing Protocol in MANET – A Survey”, International Journal of Recent Research Aspects, Vol.1, Issue 2, pp: 48-52, September 2014.
  6. 6.
    Rajeshwar Sharma, Tarun Sharma and Aditi Kalia ,”A Comparative Review on Routing Protocols in MANET”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 133, No.1, January 2016.
  7. 7.
    Saima Zafar, Hina Tariq, Kanza Manzoor,” Throughput and Delay Analysis of AODV, DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA) ,Vol. 3, Issue 2, March – April 2016.
  8. 8.
    Saima Zafar, Hina Tariq and Kanza Manzoor,” Throughput and Delay Analysis of AODV, DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA) Volume 3, Issue 2, March – April (2016)
  9. 9.
    Mohamed Sharifdeen. and Dhavamaniprakash, “ An Energy Efficient DSR Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption in MANET “ International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4, Special Issue 6, May 2015.
  10. 10.
    Deepti Badal and Rajendra Singh Kushwah, “Nodes energy aware modified DSR protocol for energy efficiency in MANET” IEEE INDICON 2015 1570201303.
  11. 11.
    Uma Rathore Bhatt, Neelesh Nema and Raksha Upadhyay, 978-1-4799-2900-9/14/31.00 ©2014 IEEE.
  12. 12.
    SourabhGite and MinakshiHalder, “ A Survey on Energy Aware Dynamic Source Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network” International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 24 Issue 10 – JULY 2017.
  13. 13.
    Shweta Singh and Gopal Singh, “ Role of Link Expiration Time to Enhance DSR Routing Protocol in MANETs” Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology ISSN 0973-6107 Volume 10, Number 5 (2017) pp. 1049-1056
  14. 14.
    Saurab Arora, “ Minimization of Energy consumption using EPAR-DSR Protocol in MANET” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 June -2017
  15. 15.
    Krishna Dilip Suchak, “ Modified DSR Protocol for Energy Efficiency in MANET with Load Sharing” Vol-4 Issue-1 2018 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396
  16. 16.
    Roy Leung, Jilei Liu, Edmond Poon, Ah-Lot Charles Chan and Baochun Li, “ MP-DSR: A QoS-aware Multi-path Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks” Proceedings LCN 2001. 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
  17. 17.
    Jijesh J. J and Shivashankar, “ ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL BASED ON DSR” International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) Vol.7, No.5, October 2016
  18. 18.
    P. Parthiban, G. Sundararaj, P. Maniiarasan, “ Maximizing the Network Life Time Based on Energy Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Networks” Wireless Pers Commun (2018) 101:1143–1155 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5753-y
  19. 19.
    Merlinda Drini and Tarek Saadawi, ”Modeling Wireless Channel for Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocol”, ISCC Marakech Marocco, pp. 549-555, July 2008.
  20. 20.
    Rjab Hajlaoui, Sami Touil and Wissemachour,” O-DSR: Optimized DSR Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 7, No. 4, August 2015.
  21. 21.
    Rohan Gupta, Harbhajan Singh and Gurpreet Singh,” Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Adhoc Networks ”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10, No. 31, August 2017.
  22. 22.
    S. Wu, S. Ni, Y. Tseng, and J. Sheu, “Route Maintenance in a Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, 2000.
  23. 23.
    John Novatnack , Lloyd Greenwald and Harpreet Arora, “Evaluating ad hoc routing protocols with respect to quality of service”, Wireless And Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications, Volume 3, pp. 205-212,Aug.2005.
  24. 24.
    Frank Aune, “Cross-Layer Tutorial”,NTNU 2014.
  25. 25.
    Zeki Bilgin, Bilal Khan, "A Dynamic Route Optimization Mechanism for AODV in MANETs", Journal of Computer Science, 2014
  26. 26.
    H.M. Tsai, N. Wisitpongphan, and O.K. Tonguz, “Link-Quality Aware AODV Protocol”, in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC) 2006, Phuket, Thailand, January 2006.
  27. 27.
    V. RAJESHKUMAR, P.SIVAKUMAR, ”Comparative Study of AODV, DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols in MANET Using NetworkSimulator-2”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2013.
  28. 28.
    https://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/node218.html
  29. 29.
    Network Simulator Notes and Documentation, UCB/LBNL, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
SCOPUS
SCImago Journal & Country Rank